The LAGOS-US Research Platform includes the 479,950 lakes and reservoirs > 1 ha in the 48 conterminous US states and tribes (Figure 1). LAGOS-US includes both core and extension data modules that are described below.
Figure 1. Diagram of the LAGOS-US research platform, consisting of three core modules (GEO, LOCUS, LIMNO) and four extension modules (RESERVOIR, DEPTH, NETWORKS, LANDSAT). The expectation is that other researchers will build other extension modules that can be added to the LAGOS-US platform by future users.
To ensure that our data products are usable by other researchers, we make other items available in the formats described below in the table. To see what has been published and is available from this table for LAGOS-US, please scroll down the page, for LAGOS-NE items, go here. We will continue to update this page as items are created and made accessible.
Last updated June 28, 2022.
Table 1. LAGOS Research Platform components by data module and where they can be found (EDI repo. is Environmental Data Initiative repository; Zenodo repo. is Zenodo repository).
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Figure 2. The 479,950 lakes and reservoirs ≥ 1 ha in the conterminous US.
LAGOS-US Core Modules
LAGOS-US LOCUS
Data Repository | User Guide | Code | Data Paper
Contains locational (i.e., latitude, longitude, elevation), identifying (i.e., lake names and identifiers across various lake datasets), and physical (i.e., area, perimeter, shape) information of all lakes ≥ 1 ha and their watersheds in the conterminous U.S. Additionally, LOCUS provides a classification of freshwater connectivity (e.g., lakes that are hydrologically isolated seasonally) and identifies all lakes that were previously glaciated. Geospatial files for lakes and watersheds as well as tables for linking across other LAGOS and broad-scale lake databases are available. All LOCUS data can be linked across LAGOS data products using the unique lake identifier (lagoslakeid).
LOCUS Data citation:
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Smith, N.J., K.E. Webster, L.K. Rodriguez, K.S. Cheruvelil, and P.A. Soranno. 2021. LAGOS-US LOCUS v1.0: Data module of location, identifiers, and physical characteristics of lakes and their watersheds in the conterminous U.S. ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/e5c2fb8d77467d3f03de4667ac2173ca (Accessed 2021-12-13).
Data paper citation:
- Cheruvelil, K.S., Soranno, P.A., McCullough, I.M., Webster, K.E., Rodriguez, L.K. and Smith, N.J. (2021), LAGOS-US LOCUS v1.0: Data module of location, identifiers, and physical characteristics of lakes and their watersheds in the conterminous U.S. Limnol Oceanogr Letters 6: 270-292. https://doi-org.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/10.1002/lol2.10203
LAGOS-US GEO
Data repository | User Guide | Code
Contains geospatial and temporal ecological context variables for all lakes in LOCUS characterized at multiple spatial divisions (e.g., equidistant buffers around lakes, watersheds, ecoregions). Ecological context variables were derived from various public datasets and pertain to land use/land cover, climate, hydrology, freshwater connectivity, terrain, soils, land ownership and protection, atmospheric pollution, and other human activities such as roads and dams.
GEO Data Citation:
Smith, N.J., K.E. Webster, L.K. Rodriguez, K.S. Cheruvelil, and P.A. Soranno. 2022. LAGOS-US GEO v1.0: Data module of lake geospatial ecological context at multiple spatial and temporal scales in the conterminous U.S. ver 2. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/53ae2afd051a6a082a2ab129e4281e13 (Accessed 2022-06-28).
LAGOS-US LIMNO (Expected availability Fall 2023)
Data repository | User Guide | Code | Data Paper
Contains in situ eplimnetic/surface water limnological physical, chemical, and biological measurements for a subset of lakes ≥ 1 ha through time. Water quality data were obtained from the Water Quality Portal, the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), and the USEPA National Lakes Assessment Program. Data were harmonized across all programs as well as integrated into the LAGOS-US data model to be easily used with all other LAGOS-US data products. In addition to the common water quality variables found in LAGOS-NE-LIMNO such as water clarity, nutrients, chlorophyll-a, dissolved organic carbon, and color, LAGOS-US-LIMNO provides observations of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, numerous ions and contaminants, turbidity, e coli, microcystin, and others. Detailed information on sampling (i.e., methods, dates), as well as laboratory methods and other important metadata are provided with the lake observations.
LAGOS-US Extension Modules
LAGOS-US NETWORKS
Data Repository | User Guide | Code | Data Paper
Consists of 898 lake networks (86,511 total lakes ≥ 1ha) and provides quantitative freshwater connectivity metrics for those networks and lakes (Figure 5). A data paper that further explores this data module has been published (King et al. 2021)
Figure 5. The 898 lake networks in the conterminous US in LAGOS-US-NETWORKS. Individual colors represent unique networks.
Data citation:
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King, K.B., Q. Wang, L.K. Rodriguez, M. Haite, L. Danila, P. Tan, J. Zhou, and K.S. Cheruvelil. 2021. LAGOS-US NETWORKS v1.0: Data module of surface water networks characterizing connections among lakes, streams, and rivers in the conterminous U.S ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/98c9f11df55958065985c3e84a4fe995 (Accessed 2021-12-13).
Data paper citation:
- King, K.B.S., Wang, Q., Rodriguez, L.K. and Cheruvelil, K.S. (2021), Lake networks and connectivity metrics for the conterminous U.S. (LAGOS-US NETWORKS v1). Limnol Oceanogr Letters, 6: 293-307. https://doi-org.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/10.1002/lol2.10204
LAGOS-US DEPTH
Data Repository | User Guide | Data Paper | Analysis Paper
Represents a manual compilation of mean and/or maximum depth of over 17,675 lakes ≥ 1 ha from a wide range of online sources (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Lakes in the conterminous US with depth data in LAGOS-US-DEPTH.
Data citation:
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Stachelek, J., L.K. Rodriguez, J. Díaz Vázquez, A. Hawkins, E. Phillips, A. Shoffner, I.M. McCullough, K.B. King, J. Namovich, L.A. Egedy, M. Haite, P.J. Hanly, K.E. Webster, K.S. Cheruvelil, and P.A. Soranno. 2021. LAGOS-US DEPTH v1.0: Data module of observed maximum and mean lake depths for a subset of lakes in the conterminous U.S. ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/64ddc4d04661d9aef4bd702dc5d8984f (Accessed 2021-12-13).
Data paper citation:
- Webster, K.E., I.M. McCullough, and P.A. Soranno 2022. Deeper by the dozen: Diving into a database of 17,675 depths for U.S. lakes and reservoirs. Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin, 31: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/lob.10482
Analysis paper citation:
- Stachelek, J., Hanly, P., Soranno, P.A. 2022. Imperfect slope measurements drive overestimation in geometric cone model of lake and reservoir depth. Inland Waters. https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2021.2006553
LAGOS-US RESERVOIR
Data repository | User Guide | Code | Data Paper
Provides a predicted classification of all 137,465 lakes ≥ 4 ha as either a natural lake or reservoir using a machine-learning algorithm and aerial imagery (Figure 3). Classification accuracy was approximately 80%.
Figure 1 (From Rodriquez et al. 2023): LAGOS-US RESERVOIR v1 map and histograms depicting locations of 137,465 lakes ≥ 4 ha as NL (purple, n = 73,053), RSVR_A (orange, n = 61,042), or RSVR_B (green, n = 3370) in the conterminous U.S. states (black outlines). RSVR polygons were the first GIS layer to be plotted; therefore, some NL polygons may overlap or hide the true spatial extent of all RSVRs.
Data citation:
- Polus*, S.M., P.J. Hanly*, L.K. Rodriguez, Q. Wang, J. Díaz Vázquez, K.E. Webster, P. Tan, J. Zhou, L. Danila, P.A. Soranno, and K.S. Cheruvelil. 2022. LAGOS-US RESERVOIR: Data module classifying conterminous U.S. lakes 4 hectares and larger as natural lakes or reservoirs ver 2. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/f9aa935329a95dfd69bf895015bc5161 (Accessed 2023-01-28).
- * joint first-authors
Data paper citation:
- Rodriguez, L.K., Polus, S.M., Matuszak, D.I., Domka, M.R., Hanly, P.J., Wang, Q., Soranno, P.A. and Cheruvelil, K.S. (2023), LAGOS-US RESERVOIR: A database classifying conterminous U.S. lakes 4 ha and larger as natural lakes or reservoir lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10299
LAGOS-US LANDSAT (Expected 2023)
Data repository | User Guide | Code | Data Paper
Provides predicted chlorophyll-a values for lakes ≥ 4 ha from 1984 to 2019 on days with cloud-free imagery. LANDSAT predicts lake chlorophyll-a from machine-learning predictive models using atmospherically corrected Landsat imagery and LIMNO data.
LAGOS 